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Authors
Zong, Yifan
Li, Kaige
Sun, Wenhui
Yao, Minghao
Zhu, Liucun
Guo, Wenna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2819-0147
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project (242102311166)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82103055)
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Article History
Received: 31 March 2026
Accepted: 10 May 2026
First Online: 4 June 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
: All the data analyzed were collected from publicly available sources, which had prior ethical clearance and participant consent. As this study is a secondary data analysis based on publicly accessible datasets that have already undergone ethical review, no additional ethical approval was required. Therefore, there is no applicable ethics committee approval number for the present research.
: All authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript and consent to its publication.
: The authors declare that this manuscript is not associated with any prior publication requiring emergency correction.
: Generative artificial intelligence was used in a limited manner during the preparation of this manuscript. Specifically, ChatGPT (GPT-4) was used solely for language polishing and grammatical refinement. All scientific content, data analysis, interpretations, and conclusions were generated by the authors, who take full responsibility for the content of the manuscript.
