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How White is Low-Level White-Collar Crime? A Multi-Level Comparison of Fraud and Street Crime

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-025-09843-6

Published Online: 2025-07-22

Published Print: 2026-02

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Caines, Matthew https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0504-2704
Zhang, Yan
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

SHSU Larry Hoover Summer Research Fellowship.
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-07-22

Version of Record valid from 2025-07-22
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Article History

Accepted: 2 July 2025

First Online: 22 July 2025