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Authors
Hidalgo, Cecelia M.
Yin, Linda X.
Bogan, Aaron W.
Lott Limbach, Abberly
Ma, Daniel
Van Abel, Kathryn M.
Routman, David M.
Lewis, James S.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Paul Calabresi Program in Clinical/Translational Research at the Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center (K12CA090628)
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Article History
Received: 7 February 2026
Accepted: 24 March 2026
First Online: 28 May 2026
Declarations
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: Kathryn M. Van Abel has disclosed inventions of Mayo Clinic intellectual property licensed to Exact Sciences (Madison, WI) with potential to earn royalties, paid to Mayo Clinic and has done consulting for Intuitive Surgical (< $5 k paid to Mayo Clinic). The authors otherwise have no relevant conflict of interest (financial or otherwise) to report.
: Patients were studied without direct identifiers so no direct patient informed consent was required. No animals studies were involved.
: Patients were studied without direct identifiers so no direct patient informed consent for publication was required.
: This study was approved by the institutional review board (human studies) of Mayo Clinic and was performed in accordance with ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
