Document is current

Article History

Accepted: 19 October 2022

First Online: 8 November 2022

Declarations

:

: The following narrative explains how the co-principal investigators (co-authors of the manuscript) and research staff, as well as the Institution (CSUSB and CCJR) have no stakes in the outcome of this study that could affect the independence or integrity of the research, including the design, conduct, and reporting of the research.i. We can assure the following.<i>Research staff</i>• Neither of the co-principal investigators nor other staff of the project were in a position to evaluate a spouse’s work product (actual conflict) or the work of a former or current colleague (potential apparent conflict).• Co-principal investigators and other staff have not, nor will they be, involved in the development, implementation, or enforcement of civil gang injunctions. The research staff have not provided any prior technical assistance to that specific project or a location implementing the project.• Co-principal investigators and other staff have no personal associations with the staff of the LA City Attorney’s office, and thus, will not be influenced by this office.• Co-principal investigators and other staff do not live in the affected areas, nor do they have any personal ties to the utility of civil gang injunctions. None of the staff have voting privileges in the County or City of Los Angeles.• Co-principal investigators are permanent, full-time employees of California State University, San Bernardino (CSUSB), and this project did not unduly affect assigned duties or workload. By contract, and supported by CSUSB policy, faculty are permitted 10 h externally funded research work per week during the academic year and full-time during break. The time commitment allotted for this project was substantially lower than this maximum. Moreover, other research staff had part-time roles within the parameters of the policies of the University Enterprises Corporation and California State University.• While the research staff named completed a pilot study to test the research protocol, the results of this preliminary work had no bearing on the current project. The pilot study was not funded: all staff volunteered or received course credit.• Moreover, all research staff completed Human Subjects Ethics Training in the protection of human subjects: we were certified under the Collaborative IRB Training Initiative (CITI Training). As the project was subject to CSUSB IRB approval, all data collection protocol, data management, and data archiving were in accordance with federal guidelines (see institutional item below).• Co-principal investigators and other staff did not develop any of the analytic tools or software being used in this study, nor do they have an interest in these analytics.<i>Institution</i>• The Center for Criminal Justice Research (CCJR) has not provided substantial prior technical assistance to that specific project or a location implementing the project.• While CCJR hosted a pilot study to test the research protocol, it had no vested interested in the outcome of the proposed study.• CSUSB is not located within the study area; our catchment area is San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, thus, the University had no vested interest in the outcome of this study.ii. There are no conflicts of interest as California State University, San Bernardino requires all research to be vetted by the Institutional Review Board of CSUSB, prior to the onset of any project. The CSUSB-IRB operates under all applicable federal guidelines (e.g., Federal Office of Human Research Protections CFR Title 45 Part 46 and U.S. Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects) to ensure that all research is conducted within the requirements for our filing a Federalwide Assurance of Compliance with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP). The CSUSB IRB OHRP Federal Assurance number is FWA00004865.

: The study protocols were reviewed by the Institutional Review Board of California State University San Bernardino.The CSUSB IRB determined this protocol falls under exempt review under 45 CFR 46 and 28 CFR 46. The specific exempt category is noted in item 1 below.1. Research involving the collection or study of existing data, documents, records, pathological specimens, or diagnostic specimens, if these sources are publicly available or if the information is recorded by the investigator in such a manner that subjects cannot be identified, directly or through identifiers linked to the subjects.2. The IRB has determined a consent form is not required as the study reviews existing data of human subjects.3. Under exempt review there is no renewal or expiration date. The only requirement of this approval is that any proposed changes to this study’s approval must be submitted for review and approval by the CSUSB IRB before those changes are implemented in the protocol.Administrative (Exempt) Review Determination.IRB# FY2018-36Status: Approved Exempt.Federalwide Assurance Number (FWA00004865).

: Not applicable.