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Authors
Gómez-Quintero, Juliana
Borrion, Hervé
Chainey, Spencer
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
UCL Engineering, University College London
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation of Colombia
Fundación para el futuro de Colombia
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Article History
Received: 26 February 2025
Accepted: 5 November 2025
First Online: 15 January 2026
Declarations
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: The study was reviewed by the Department of Security and Crime Science Ethics Committee and was granted an exemption from requiring approval by the UCL Research Ethics Committee. All procedures were conducted under ethical standards for research involving human participants.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
