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Authors
Tang, Jiajie https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5418-6813
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Article History
Received: 27 March 2025
Accepted: 7 August 2025
First Online: 21 August 2025
Declarations
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: The author declares that there are no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of the School of Media, Guizhou Minzu University. All 24 participants provided verbal informed consent after being clearly informed of the academic nature, purpose, and procedures of the research. Interviews were conducted via WeChat voice calls, and participant observation took place on Douyin, Rednote, Weibo, and WeChat. No identifying information was collected. All quoted content was anonymized and reviewed by the participants before inclusion in the final manuscript.
