Azadikhah Jahromi, Afrouz https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7646-2821
Malkova, Alina
Article History
Received: 25 September 2025
Accepted: 4 March 2026
First Online: 16 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
: Not applicable. This study uses publicly available CPS data (including the Displaced Worker Supplement). Per institutional policy, secondary analysis of such data does not require IRB review.
: Not applicable. The study relies on publicly available data; no direct contact with human subjects occurred.