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Article History

Accepted: 21 October 2024

First Online: 4 November 2024

Declarations

:

: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

: Informed consent was obtained from all the participants when conducting the surveys.

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Ethics Committee of the Graduate School of Economics of Osaka Prefecture University approved this study.

: Not applicable.