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Authors
Adu-Mensa, Francis
Dahl, Espen
Hermansen, Åsmund
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University
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Article History
Received: 28 June 2025
Accepted: 6 March 2026
First Online: 18 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study used registered data collected by Statistics Norway (SSB). The research was approved by the Norwegian Data Protection Office for Research (NSD), confirming that all ethical and legal aspects of the study were fully assessed. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations (including the Declaration of Helsinki). Note: No direct contact was made with participants, and informed consent is not applicable due to the use of anonymized administrative data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
