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Enjoyment and Grit as mediators between informal digital learning English, basic psychology needs, and willingness to communicate among English as a foreign language university students

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-07220-w

Published Online: 2025-01-09

Published Print: 2025-02

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Fu, Rao https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4556-5755
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-01-09

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Article History

Accepted: 17 December 2024

First Online: 9 January 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

: This study received approval from the Ethics Committee of Shaanxi College of Mechatronic Technology (Approval Number: 2024SZX611).

: Informed consent was obtained from all study participants.

: This article contains a study with human participants. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.

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