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Article History

Accepted: 21 February 2025

First Online: 11 March 2025

Declarations

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: Although formal ethical approval was not obtained, this study adhered to the ethical guidelines of Anadolu University. The exemption from formal approval was granted because the study was conducted as part of a master’s dissertation project under the supervision of faculty members. Informed consent was obtained from all participants, ensuring they were fully aware of the study’s purpose, procedures, and their right to withdraw at any time. Confidentiality and anonymity were rigorously maintained throughout the research process to protect participant privacy and uphold ethical standards. This approach ensured compliance with ethical standards for research involving human subjects.

: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study. Participants were fully informed about the purpose, procedures, and their right to withdraw at any time. Confidentiality and anonymity were rigorously maintained throughout the research process.