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Authors
Arens, A. Katrin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2494-4199
Preckel, Franzis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-8702
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
DIPF | Leibniz-Institut für Bildungsforschung und Bildungsinformation
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Article History
Accepted: 15 May 2025
First Online: 6 June 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Supervision and Services Directorate of Rhineland-Palatinate (“Aufsichts- und Dienstleistungsdirektion”; protocol number: 32–03 405/29/05).
: The parents of all participating students gave their written informed consent to participate in the study. Participation was voluntary for students.
: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
