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Authors
Chen, Jing
Tang, Yulong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7293-0782
Wang, Chengliang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2208-3508
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Social Science Fund of China (21CSH049)
Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China (22YJA630032)
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Article History
Accepted: 1 June 2025
First Online: 24 June 2025
Declarations
: The study uses data from teenagers who participated in the research voluntarily. The whole data collection was done anonymously. All respondents had been informed that they could skip any question that made them feel uncomfortable or abandon the study at any time. Written informed consent was obtained from their parents.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was performed in line with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Moreover, the author sought and gained ethical approval from the Research Ethical Board at [Anonymous] University, and the study complied with ethical standards. There was no number attached to the approval.
