Document is current

Article History

Accepted: 13 July 2025

First Online: 2 August 2025

Declarations

:

: The experiment was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai University. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. All participants provided written informed consent before the experiment.

: The author declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.