Han, Han
Lv, Miao
Wang, Yinduo
Wu, Meng
Sun, Nana
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanxi Office of Philosophy and Social Science (2023YJ140)
Article History
Accepted: 4 August 2025
First Online: 20 August 2025
Declarations
:
: The study protocol was approved by the college’s institutional authorities(Approval No.2023100). Informed consent was obtained from all participants. They were informed about the study’s aims, and consent was obtained electronically before they began the questionnaire. All procedures followed the ethical standards of the Academic Ethics Committee of Qufu Normal University, China.
: The participants have consented to the use of their data for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.