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Authors
Yang, Ping https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6845-9037
Tang, Xiaofei
Xianbei, Zheng https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2553-3043
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Article History
Received: 19 August 2024
Accepted: 20 August 2025
First Online: 6 September 2025
Declarations
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: This research is a collaboration project between Southwestern University of Finance and Economics (SWUFE) and Yunnan University of Finance and Economics (YUFE). Given that neither institution has a designated ethics committee, the study obtained dual approval and review from the Department of Marketing Management at SWUFE and the Department of Marketing at YUFE before conducting the experiments.
: Before the data collection process, informed consent was obtained from the participants.
: The authors declare that we have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
