Crossmark

Factor structure, measurement invariance, known-groups validity, and convergent validity of Attitudes toward Women Scale for Adolescents(AWSA) in Chinese adolescents

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-025-08459-7

Published Online: 2025-09-24

Published Print: 2025-12

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Gao, Yutong

Nickodem, Kyle

Wang, Xiying https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6752-2266
Espelage, Dorothy L.
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

International Joint Research Project of Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University (ICER202005)
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-09-24

Version of Record valid from 2025-09-24
More Information

Article History

Received: 23 January 2025

Accepted: 25 August 2025

First Online: 24 September 2025

Declarations

:

: Institutional Review Board at the Beijing Normal University approved the study. A waiver of active parental consent was approved, and students who wished to participate assented before they completed the survey.

: Not applicable

: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Document is current

Any future updates will be listed below