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Article History

Received: 13 February 2025

Accepted: 24 August 2025

First Online: 9 October 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

: This research involved human participants, specifically a group of college students. They participated in a survey questionnaire. All participants provided informed consent prior to their involvement. The study was conducted in strict accordance with ethical principles, ensuring the protection of participants’ privacy and confidentiality. The research protocol was designed to minimize any potential risks or discomfort to the participants.

: All college students who participated in the survey questionnaire in this research provided informed consent. They were fully informed about the purpose, procedures, potential risks and benefits of the study before their participation. Their privacy and rights were strictly protected throughout the research process.

: On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.