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Article History

Received: 26 June 2025

Accepted: 19 November 2025

First Online: 28 January 2026

Declarations

:

: Not applicable. All data were anonymized and no participants can be identified.

: Informed consent was waived by the IRB for this retrospective study involving de-identified clinical data.

: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was determined to be exempt from full IRB review by WCG IRB under 45 CFR § 46.104(d)(4). A full HIPAA waiver of authorization was approved, and individual informed consent was waived as the research involved retrospective analysis of de-identified clinical data. Full details of ethical approval are provided in the Methods section.

: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

: The author declares none.