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Authors
Upasen, Ratchaneekorn https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4420-0736
Saengpanya, Weeraphol https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-5078
Awae, Wanida https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9177-9918
Prasitvej, Preedanan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0363-2842
Stithyudhakarn, Sudaporn https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6609-9400
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chulalongkorn University (TDMH-RU)
Chulalongkorn University (CUFRB65_hea(11)_ 017_36_01)
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Article History
Received: 14 October 2024
Accepted: 13 November 2025
First Online: 17 February 2026
Declarations
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: The design of this study followed the guidelines and regulations of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of a University. Prior to signing the consent forms, all prospective participants were thoroughly informed about the study’s objectives, procedures, potential risks and benefits, their right to refuse participation or withdraw at any time without penalty, measures for ensuring data confidentiality, and the contact information of the research liaison. They were also apprised of the ethical principles underpinning the study, including explicit assurances that no harm would result from their participation. Furthermore, participants were made aware of the potential contribution their involvement could make to the advancement of knowledge. In this study, informed consent was regarded as an ongoing process, ensuring sustained comprehension and voluntary engagement throughout the research.
: The authors declare they have no conflict of interest.
