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Authors
Yücel, Emine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3663-6003
Ekici, Hatice https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8032-9708
Swift, Joshua K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8340-542X
Cesur, Sevim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4038-0592
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Article History
Received: 4 April 2025
Accepted: 28 October 2025
First Online: 6 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study received ethics approval from the Social Research Ethics Committee of Izmir Kâtip Çelebi University (Approval No: 2024/04–09). All procedures conducted adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: Participants provided informed consent that included permission for publication of anonymized and aggregated data. No identifiable personal information is included in this article.
: The authors report there are no competing interests to declare.
: The authors used AI-based tools (ChatGPT 4o) for language refinement and proofreading, while all intellectual input, analytical judgments, and final decisions were their own.
