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Article History

Received: 3 February 2024

Accepted: 28 October 2025

First Online: 7 March 2026

Declarations

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: A Texas Tech University IRB reviewer has approved your proposed modification to the protocol referenced above within the expedited category of: 7. Research on individual or group characteristics or behavior (including, but not limited to, research on perception, cognition, motivation, identity, language, communication, cultural beliefs or practices, and social behavior) or research employing survey, interview, oral history, focus group, program evaluation, human factors evaluation, or quality assurance methodologies. The modification approval date is effective as of December 13, 2018. The expiration date remains the same, September 30, 2019. The expiration date must appear on your consent document. Expedited research requires continuing IRB review. You will receive an email approximately 30 days prior to the expiration date above. To continue your protocol, a Renewal Submission will be necessary. Any change to your protocol requires a Modification Submission for review and approval prior to implementation. Your study may be selected for a Post-Approval Review (PAR). A PAR investigator may contact you to observe your data collection procedures, including the consent process. You will be notified if your study has been chosen for a PAR. Should a subject be harmed or a deviation occur from either the approved protocol or federal regulations (45 CFR 46), please complete an Incident Submission form. When your research is complete and no identifiable data remains, please use a Closure Submission to terminate this protocol.

: This research will help us learn about college students’ cognitive performance. The research will last for two days. In the first day, your psychological factors will be measured with a self-report survey. It will take 10 minutes to fill out the survey. In day two, you will perform three cognitive tests, which take 45 minutes to complete both. After the completion of the study, you will be awarded the 3 RSRP extra credits in your class for the participation. If you are unable or unwilling to participate in researcher protocols, you can end the participation at any time. And you will still have an opportunity to complete RSRP credits by choosing one article from three posted scholarly articles and submitting a 500-word minimum critique of the article. Please refer to the participation policy in the SONA system. To maintain confidentiality of your data and survey responses, your name and R number will not appear in any survey. Also, only the aggregate data (rather than your personal data) will be reported and published. In addition, all the research data will only be assessed by the researchers. Of course, if you want to have your information about the psychological evaluation by the survey, you are welcome to contact the researchers for it. There are no risks to participation beyond those you might experience in everyday life. And your participation is voluntary and you can stop participating at any time. If you agree to participate in this study, please put your name and the date below. Thank you very much. This study is conducted by Dr. Fred Davis at Rawls College of Business at Texas Tech University. If you have question, you can call him at 806-834-4239 or email him at fred.davis@ttu.edu. In addition, TTU also has a board protecting the rights of people who participate in research. You can ask them questions through phone at 806-742-2064, through email at hrpp@ttu.edu, or by visiting them at Institutional Review Board for Human Research Protection Program at administration building, room 357 at Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1075.

: On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.