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Authors
Ma, Yuming
Li, Jieling https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7500-4020
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Social Science Fund of China (19CTY012)
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Article History
Received: 3 August 2024
Accepted: 23 October 2025
First Online: 6 January 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hebei Normal University (No. 2023LLSC031).
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
