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Authors
Zhang, Shudong
Wang, Yaping
Liu, Qingqing
Zeng, Danying
Ji, Ning
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Beijing Education Science Foundation of the 14th Five-Year Plan (CEAA23042)
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Article History
Received: 18 April 2025
Accepted: 14 October 2025
First Online: 6 January 2026
Declarations
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: Beijing Normal University Ethics Committee provided approval for this study. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institute of Psychology and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: All authors and research participants gave consent for the publication of this study.
: Informed consent was obtained from the parents and individual participants.
: On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
