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Authors
Du, Jingwen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1650-5057
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Basic Scientific Research Program of Universities Sponsored by the Department of Education of Liaoning Province (LJ112510166009)
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Article History
Received: 23 May 2024
Accepted: 3 October 2025
First Online: 6 January 2026
Declarations
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: In this paper, an anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among adults from non-special groups, and all of them adopted the classical maturity scales in line with ethics approval. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
