Document is current

Article History

Received: 3 April 2025

Accepted: 24 September 2025

First Online: 17 January 2026

Declarations

:

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study has received ethics approval from Tsinghua University Science and Technology Ethics Committee (Humanities, Social Sciences and Engineering), with ethical approval identification code of THU-04-2025-1010.

: was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Patients signed informed consent to allow the collection of their data and its use for research purposes, with the final results to be published.

: No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.