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Authors
Dao, Pham Quang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4622-9199
Le, Duy-Hung https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7620-7504
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ho Chi Minh city University of Education (Ho Chi Minh city University of Education)
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Article History
Received: 19 December 2024
Accepted: 17 September 2025
First Online: 22 January 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures performed in the study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the APA ethical standards. This study was approval by the Ho Chi Minh City University of Education.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
