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Authors
Lu, Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-4167
Shi, Xia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9729-0045
Liu, Shuai
Chen, Yubo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tianjin Research Innovation Project for Postgraduate Students (2022SKY281)
The Major Social Science Project of Tianjin Municipal Education Commission, China (2024JWZD58)
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Article History
Received: 27 January 2025
Accepted: 1 September 2025
First Online: 12 December 2025
Declarations
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: All participants provided informed consent and received financial compensation.All participants provided informed consent and received financial compensation. This study was approved by the ethics committee of Tianjin University of Technology and Education and was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: The authors report no conflicts of interests.
