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Article History

Received: 17 April 2025

Accepted: 11 December 2025

First Online: 19 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted with the approval of the Gumushane University Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee (E-95674917-108.99-333047,2025/3). Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to the interviews. Throughout the research process, the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and national ethical guidelines were carefully followed, and the study was carried out in accordance with ethical standards and institutional ethics committee procedures. Prior to the interviews, participants were informed about the study and provided their written consent. All participants agreed to the publication of their statements, ensuring that their identities remained confidential.

: Participants provided consent for the publication of anonymized data and quotations derived from their interviews. No personal identifying information will be disclosed in the published article.

: The author(s) declare that they have no conflict of interest with any individual, institution, or organization in the preparation and submission of this study. There are no direct or indirect financial interests, sponsorships, or personal or institutional relationships that could be perceived as influencing the work. No funding was received for this study.