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Authors
Jia, Fanlu https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7531-1256
Ma, Wenhuan
Liu, Menglin
Li, Kaiyun
Wang, Hui
Zhou, Tongtong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32100856)
Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31800913)
Social Science Planning Project of Shandong Province (23DYYJ02)
Social Science Planning Project of Shandong Province (24CSHJ02)
Youth Innovation Team of Shandong Provincial Higher Education Institutions (2022RW019)
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Article History
Received: 11 May 2025
Accepted: 15 December 2025
First Online: 28 January 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by Ethics Committee of School of Education and Psychology at the University of Jinan (IRB number: 202101). All participants signed the informed consent in this study. All the participants (parents/guardians) have agreed for their anonymized data/information to be published.
: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
