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Authors
Liu, Xiuwei https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3172-4394
Wang, Yingchun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0977-5462
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Article History
Received: 19 February 2025
Accepted: 21 December 2025
First Online: 19 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Beijing Sport University on April 16, 2024 (Approval No. 2024398H). Informed consent was obtained electronically prior to the survey. Participants were informed that they could choose not to answer the survey, and if they chose not to proceed, the survey was terminated automatically.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.
: On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
