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Article History

Received: 17 August 2024

Accepted: 9 February 2026

First Online: 24 February 2026

Declarations

:

: All the participants included in the study signed the informed consent before answering the paper-and-pencil questionnaire.

: The study was approved by the School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University (Approval No.: # 2022-02-15). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.