Funding for this research was provided by:
Tourism college of Zhejiang funder (2023CGYB05)
Article History
Received: 30 September 2025
Accepted: 27 February 2026
First Online: 14 March 2026
Declarations
:
: This research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institute of Judicial Psychology and Behavior, Zhejiang Police Vocational Academy (Approval No.: IJPB5756830803). All participants volunteered to participate in the experiment, and written informed consent was given to and supported by their guardians.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that might influence the work reported here.