Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Fang, Tingting
Hu, Zhangjie
Jiang, Li
Zhuo, Feng
Yang, Ying
Kong, Linghua https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8289-4180
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Excellent Young Scientists Fund (No. 2024HWYQ-010)
Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province (No. tsqn202211034)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 14 November 2025
Accepted: 27 February 2026
First Online: 28 March 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Nursing and Rehabilitation at Shandong University (Approval number: 2024-R-157).
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants, while parents’ permission was also obtained for those less than 18 years of age. All participants and their guardians were informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty.
: Not applicable.
: All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest with this study.
: Not applicable.
