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Authors
Xiao, Fan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9116-8284
Han, Qing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1565-4846
Liu, Yixiao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7894-8836
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Major Program of National Fund of Philosophy and Social Science of China (23&ZD185)
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Article History
Received: 24 September 2024
Accepted: 1 March 2026
First Online: 20 March 2026
Declarations
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: CGSS data used in this paper are public and downloaded from the CGSS official website. Organizers of the survey at Renmin University of China were responsible for the ethics approval and the informed consent from the respondents. No additional ethics approval and informed consent are applicable in our study.
: Not applicable. This study used anonymized, publicly available survey data and did not involve identifiable individual participants.
: The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests or non-financial interests that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.
