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Article History

Received: 9 July 2025

Accepted: 20 March 2026

First Online: 26 March 2026

Declarations

:

: All procedures in this study were in accordance with institutional research practices and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. As this study was neither medical research nor regarded human experimentation as stated in the Declaration of Helsinki, and the questions in the questionnaire did not have any adverse effect on the mental health status of the respondents. In addition, in accordance with Article 23 of the Personal Information Protection Act of Korea and the announcement by the Chinese National Health Commission on 18 February 2023 (Article 32), this research project was considered exempt under the category specified.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflicts of interest.

: During the preparation of this work the author(s) used Chat GPT4o in order to Translation and polishing. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication.