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Authors
Abumalloh, Rabab Ali https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2805-3764
Halabi, Osama
Babiker, Areej
Yankouskaya, Ala
Ali, Raian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Qatar University
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Article History
Received: 14 November 2025
Accepted: 19 April 2026
First Online: 19 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study was reviewed and approved by the Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU) Institutional Review Board under IRB Protocol Reference Number HBKU-IRB-2024-90. The research was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards and guidelines of the HBKU Institutional Review Board.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: Participants provided informed consent to take part in the study and agreed to the publication of the collected, non-identifiable data in academic journals and conference proceedings.
: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
