Funding for this research was provided by:
Sichuan Center for Education Development Research (CJF24001)
Office of Postsecondary Education (JG2024-0770)
Sichuan Applied Psychology Research Center (CSXL-25222)
Article History
Received: 7 April 2025
Accepted: 19 April 2026
First Online: 27 April 2026
Declarations
:
: This observational research was conducted following confirmation from Xihua University Research Ethics Committee that no ethical approval was required. All participants provided voluntary informed consent prior to their involvement.
: All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript and consent to its submission to Current Psychology . We confirm that this work is original, has not been published elsewhere, and is not under consideration for publication in any other journal.
: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.