Funding for this research was provided by:
Izmir University of Economics
Article History
Received: 4 October 2025
Accepted: 24 April 2026
First Online: 7 May 2026
Declarations
:
: The questionnaire and methodology for this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Izmir University of Economics (Approval number: B.30.2.İEÜ.0.05.05-020-350).
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study. For adolescent participants, written informed consent was obtained from their mothers, and assent was obtained from the adolescents prior to participation.
: Mothers provided consent for the anonymized data and information related to their children to be published. All data were handled in accordance with ethical standards, and no identifying information is included in this manuscript.
: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.