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Article History

Received: 24 August 2025

Accepted: 27 April 2026

First Online: 6 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors confirm that ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the university and relevant institutional guidelines.

: The authors confirm that informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to conducting the survey and interviews. Participants were fully briefed on the purpose of the study, as well as how their responses would be used, stored, and protected in accordance with ethical research standards.

: All participants provided informed consent for their data to be used for research and publication purposes. All data have been anonymised, and no identifying information is included in this manuscript.

: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.