Kwaśniak, Robert https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1416-4172
Cudo, Andrzej https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7424-8576
Ágoston, Csilla https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-9345
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Center for the Prevention of Addictions (273/KT/HM/DBMWM/2023)
Article History
Received: 22 August 2025
Accepted: 11 May 2026
First Online: 26 May 2026
Declaration
:
: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institute of Psychology’s Ethics Committee (The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin).
: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interest.