Bekmezci̇, Ebru https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4009-8423
Karakoç, Hediye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1475-4802
Meram, Halime Esra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9439-1369
Article History
Received: 28 August 2025
Accepted: 14 May 2026
First Online: 1 June 2026
Declarations
:
: Before the study began, approval was obtained from both the KTO Karatay University Faculty of Medicine Non-Drug and Non-Medical Device Research Ethics Committee (date: 25.04.2024, number: 2024/006) and the hospital where the study would be conducted (date: 22.05.2024, number: E-81647866-900-759161). Before data collection, participants were informed about the study and their informed consent was obtained. Additionally, participants were made aware that their participation in the study was completely optional. The study complied with the Helsinki Declaration’s ethical guidelines for medical research involving human participants. Permission was obtained from the authors who conducted the Turkish validity and reliability studies of the scales.
: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.