Demir, Berkan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3944-1650
Buyukcolpan, Hakan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2265-7145
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bartin University
Article History
Received: 2 March 2026
Accepted: 26 May 2026
First Online: 3 June 2026
Declarations
:
: All procedures performed in this study were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. The study was conducted in accordance with institutional and national research ethics standards. Ethical approval was obtained from the Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Ethics Committee (Approval Number: 653790).
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: The author(s) declare no competing interests.
: The findings of Study 1 of the current article, which focused on scale development, will be presented as an oral summary paper at the 27th International Congress on Psychological Counseling and Guidance on June 12, 2026.