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Article History

Received: 19 February 2025

Accepted: 17 June 2026

First Online: 24 June 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the İstanbul 29 MAyıs University Ethics Committee (Approval Code: 2023.11-02) and was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants prior to their inclusion in the study. Participants were explicitly informed of their right to withdraw from the research at any time without any negative consequences or penalty. An AI-based language model was used solely for linguistic editing and proofreading of the manuscript. The AI tool did not contribute to the study design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation of results, or theoretical development. All scientific content and interpretations are the sole responsibility of the authors.

: The authors declare no competing interests.