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Authors
Kačmár, P. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0076-1945
Dudová, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8826-4128
Baník, G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-3619
Nosáľová, E. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6238-6953
Arvai, P. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1514-0749
Gajdošová, V. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1916-2693
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
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Article History
Received: 4 November 2025
Accepted: 14 July 2026
First Online: 5 August 2026
Declarations
Compliance with ethical standards: Studies were conducted in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, such as the Declaration of Helsinki. The research was supported by the local ethics committee of the Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice (FIL006215). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before inclusion in the study.Please note that the pilot studies were conducted as part of the thesis of two co-authors, and the main study was conducted as part of a larger data collection dedicated to mental health. However, the analyses presented in the manuscript were planned solely for this paper and are not part of any other publication.
Artificial Intelligence Statement: An LLM was used to assist with language and analytical code enhancement and debugging (Grammarly and Claude Sonnet 4.6 in Perplexity).
Open Science Statement: Data, analytical scripts, and additional online materials are available on the project’s Open Science Framework page ( ).
Conflict of interest: We have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
