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Authors
Brzezińska, Dorota https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3953-9209
Żadkowska, Magdalena https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8146-5189
Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3503-3921
Małek, Grzegorz https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6704-9876
Besta, Tomasz https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6209-3677
Martiny, Sarah E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6791-2122
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Narodowe Centrum Nauki (2021/41/B/HS6/00617)
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Article History
Received: 25 November 2025
Accepted: 17 August 2026
First Online: 22 August 2026
Declarations
Ethical approval: Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Board of the University of Gdańsk (no. 12/2022) on June 2nd, 2022. The research was carried out in accordance with the Regulations of the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Gdańsk (available at: ).
Research involving human participants: Consent to participate in the study and Consent to Publish: Each participant provided consent to participate in the study and has agreed to the publication of their anonymized data/information. Additionally, for participants under 18, consent was obtained from a legal guardian or parent, or the school administration, in accordance with the regulations of the Polish education system and the General Data Protection Regulation (PL: RODO, Rozporządzenie o Ochronie Danych Osobowych).
Competing interests: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. All co-authors have seen and agree with the content of the manuscript and have no financial interests to declare. We certify that the submitted work is original and not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
