Qin, Wenjie
Zhang, Yuyi
Zheng, Xianghan
Hu, Jingping
Hou, Huijie
Yang, Jiakuan
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFC3902802)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52170134)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52222006)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52070083)
Interdisciplinary Research Program of HUST (2023JCYJ005)
Science and Technology Program of Hubei Province (2024BAA012)
Article History
Received: 18 October 2025
Accepted: 17 February 2026
First Online: 4 March 2026
Declarations
:
: This study did not involve human participants, their data, or biological material. The research is an observational study using publicly available environmental datasets and computational modeling.
: All authors have read, understood, and have complied as applicable with the statement on “Ethical responsibilities of Authors” as found in the Instructions for Authors.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Clinical trial number: not applicable.