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Article History

Accepted: 13 September 2024

First Online: 12 October 2024

Declarations

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: This study was approved by the USIU-A Institutional Review Board (number USIU-A/IRB/164–2020). This research was performed in accordance with the ethical standards for research with displaced people as laid down in the University of Oxford’s Refugee Studies Centre () and the IASFM International Association for the Study of Forced Migration ().

: Voluntary and informed consent was obtained from all individual who took part in the research concerning their participation, recording and/or taking notes of data collection, and publishing information they shared. To protect their identities, all information are anonymized to the extent possible.

: With this submission, we confirm that the manuscript has been submitted solely to Gender Issues and neither the whole manuscript nor any part of it is published, in press, or submitted elsewhere in any form. We also confirm that the manuscript is thoroughly adjusted to the journal’s guidelines, and that it is suitably anonymized and includes no references to our previous works.

: The research contributing to these results received funding from the German Foundation for Peace Research for the project under Grant Agreement Number FP 05/18 – SP 02/11-2017 led by Ulrike Krause. The authors have no competing financial or non-financial interests to disclose.