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Article History

Received: 10 September 2024

Accepted: 15 October 2024

First Online: 23 October 2024

Declarations

:

: Masao Watanabe obtains a postdoctoral fellowship from Humboldt Foundation. Wolfgang P. Fendler reports fees from SOFIE Bioscience (research funding), Janssen (consultant, speaker), Calyx (consultant, image review), Bayer (consultant, speaker, research funding), Novartis (speaker, consultant), Telix (speaker), GE Healthcare (speaker), Eczacıbaşı Monrol (speaker), Abx (speaker) outside of the submitted work. Rainer Hamacher reports grants from Clinician Science Program of the University Medicine Essen Clinician Scientist Academy (UMEA; Essen, Germany). He also reports travel grant from Eli Lilly, PharmaMar, Novartis and GE Healthcare outside the submitted work. Kim M. Pabst reports personal fees, honoraria from Novartis and research fund from Bayer Healthcare outside the submitted work, as well as Clinician Scientist Stipend of the University Medicine Essen Clinician Scientist Academy (UMEA; Essen, Germany) and travel fees from IPSEN and Novartis. Hubertus Hautzel reports honoraria from Urenco and Enrichment Technology Company and other remuneration from Roche Pharma AG outside the submitted work. Stefan Kasper received honoraria from Merck Serono, MSD, Novartis, BMS, Amgen, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Servier, Incyte, Pierre Fabre and Lilly; research funding from Lilly, BMS and Roche. Bastian von Tresckow is an advisor/consultant for Allogene, Amgen, BMS/Celgene, Cerus, Gilead Kite, Incyte, IQVIA, Janssen-Cilag, Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Miltenyi, Novartis, Noscendo, Pentixapharm, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Qualworld, Regeneron, Roche, Sobi and Takeda; has received honoraria from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, BMS/Celgene, Gilead Kite, Incyte, Janssen-Cilag, Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Roche and Takeda; reports research funding from Esteve (Inst), Merck Sharp & Dohme (Inst), Novartis (Inst), and Takeda (Inst); and reports travel and/or congress support from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Gilead Kite, Janssen-Cilag, Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Pierre Fabre, Roche, Takeda, and Novartis, all outside the submitted work. Martin Stuschke reports research funding from AstraZeneca to his institution. Sherko Kümmel reports a consultant or advisory role in Roche/Genentech, Genomic Health, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Amgen, Celgene, SOMATEX, Daiichi Sankyo, pfm medical, Pfizer, MSD Oncology, Lilly, Sonoscape, Gilead Sciences, Seagen and Agendia. He also reports ownership of stock or equity from WSG, and travel support and expenses from Roche, Daiichi Sankyo and Gilead Sciences, and uncompensated relationships with WSG. Boris Hadaschik declares grants to institution from Novartis, BMS, and the German Research Foundation; consulting fees from ABX, Accord, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BMS, Janssen, Lightpoint Medical, and Pfizer; payment for lectures from Accord, Astellas, Janssen and Monrol; support for travel or attending meetings from Bayer, Ipsen and Janssen; participation on data safety monitoring boards for Janssen, all outside the submitted work. Viktor Grünwald declares the financial disclosures as follows: Honoraria: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Ipsen, Eisai, MSD Oncology, Merck HealthCare, EUSAPharm, Apogepha, Ono Pharmaceutical; Advisory role: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, MSD Oncology, Merck HealthCare, Ipsen, Eisai, Debiopharm, PCI Biotech, Cureteq, Oncorena; Travel: Pfizer, Ipsen, Merck HealthCare. David Kersting reports a research grant from Pfizer and funding by the German Research Foundation (DFG, KE2933/1-1), outside the submitted work. Jens T. Siveke reports honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Immunocore, Novartis, Roche/Genentech, and Servier outside the submitted work. Work in his lab is supported by the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK). His institution receives research funding from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eisbach, Bio, and Roch/Genentech. He holds ownership in FAPI Holding. Ken Herrmann reports personal fees from Bayer, SIRTEX, Adacap, Curium, Endocyte, IPSEN, Siemens Healthineers, GE Healthcare, Amgen, Novartis, ymabs, Aktis Oncology, Theragnostics, Pharma 15, personal fees and other from Sofie Biosciences, non-financial support from ABX, grants and personal fees from BTG, outside the submitted work. Manuel Weber reports personal fees from Boston Scientific, Terumo, Advanced Accelerator Applications, IPSEN, and Eli Lilly, outside of the submitted work.

: All human studies have been approved by the approved ethics committee and have therefore been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and all subsequent revisions. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors. Evaluation of data was approved by the ethics committee of the medical faculty of University of Duisburg-Essen (20-9485-BO and 19-8991-BO) in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: All persons gave their informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study.