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Authors
Lue, Kun-Han
Wang, Yung-Hsuan
Chen, Yu-Hung https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9227-0731
Chu, Sung-Chao
Lin, Chih-Bin
Liu, Shu-Hsin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation (TCMF-A 107-01-02(114))
National Science and Technology Council (113-2314-B-303 -018 -MY2)
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Article History
Received: 14 August 2025
Accepted: 11 September 2025
First Online: 22 September 2025
Declarations
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: All the authors declare that they have no potential conflicts of interest.
: This study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board and Ethics Committee of Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation (protocol code ID: IRB113-231-B; approval date: 16 December 2024). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: The requirement of informed consent for this study was waived due to its retrospective nature.
